Study on the establishment and management of GLP in chemical toxicity identification in occupational health institutes / 中国职业医学

@#Abstract: The demand for reliable toxicological data of chemicals runs through every link of occupational health work. The prevention of occupational diseases involves high requirements for the standardization of chemical toxicity assessment in occupational health institutions. Good laboratory practice (GLP) emphasizes the integrity of the test process to trace and supervise the whole process of the test, which is conducive to the standardization of chemical toxicity identification. Therefore, the standardized construction of GLP laboratories is an important starting point for occupational health institutions to carry out chemical toxicity identification. In the construction and management process of GLP laboratories for chemical toxicity identification, occupational health institutions need to build a sound organization and operation system, carry out systematic training and assessment of personnel, establish standard operating norms and emphasize their importance, strengthen the management of facility environment and laboratory, pay attention to quality control and process supervision, and constantly improve their own ability level. To actively adapt to social development and market demand, to provide strong support for occupational health work.

Application of epidemiological methods in health impact assessment / 中华流行病学杂志

Health impact assessment (HIA) system has been listed in the Outline of the Healthy China 2030 Plan and the Law of Basic Health Care and Health Promotion of the People's Republic of China, however, the technique guideline of HIA needs to be established and improved. This paper summarizes the applications of different epidemiological methods in HIA and focus on the introduction of the application of ecology model of health social determinants as theory basis in the establishment of HIA system along with the introduction of HIA cases in the world. The applications of epidemiological methods in domestic HIA research are limited. Therefore, appropriate applications of epidemiological methods should be strengthened in HIA guideline and system development, especially the applications of big health data, mobile health techniques, systems epidemiology and implementation science, to facilitate data collection and potential health hazard evaluation and surveillance for HIA, establishment and improvement of HIA system and the implementation of Healthy China Strategy.

Mechanism of Xianlian Jiedu Prescription in Maintaining Cancer Relative Vascular Endothelial Cell Homeostasis and Inhibiting Tumor Neovascularization / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of Xianlian Jiedu prescription （XLJDP） on the proliferation， apoptosis， and migration of cancer-relative endothelial （CRE） cells， and to decipher the mechanism of XLJDP in regulating angiopoietin2 （Ang2） to maintain CRE cell homeostasis and inhibit tumor neovascularization. MethodHuman umbilical vein endothelial cell line （HUVEC-c） was induced into CRE cells in the human colorectal cancer HCT-116 cell-conditioned medium. The CRE cells were assigned into the blank group， conditioned medium group， and XLJDP groups （1， 2， 3 g·L-1） and treated for 48 h. The proliferation of CRE cells was detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium （MTT） colorimetry. The morphological changes of CRE cells were observed via an inverted microscope. The apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry. Wound healing test and Transwell migration assay were employed to detect the 2D/3D migration ability of CRE cells. The protein levels of vimentin， N-cadherin， matrix metalloproteinase-9 （MMP-9）， and Ang2 in CRE cells were measured by Western blot. ResultThe MTT results showed that the cell viability was higher in the conditioned medium group than in the blank group （P<0.05）. Compared with the conditioned medium group， XLJDP decreased the cell proliferation rate （P<0.01） and changed the cell morphology. The total apoptosis rates of all the XLJDP groups were higher than that of the conditioned medium group （P<0.01）. The 2D and 3D migration abilities of the conditioned medium group were higher than those of the blank group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the conditioned medium group， XLJDP at all the concentrations weakened the 2D migration ability （P<0.01） and medium- and high-concentration XLJDP weakened the 3D migration ability （P<0.01）. The protein levels of N-cadherin， Vimentin， MMP-9， and Ang2 were up-regulated in the conditioned medium group compared with those in the blank group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the conditioned medium group， XLJDP at all the concentrations down-regulated the protein level of Ang2 （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and medium- and high-concentration XLJDP down-regulated those of N-cadherin， vimentin， and MMP-9 protein （P<0.01）. ConclusionXLJDP may inhibit the proliferation， migration， differentiation， and apoptosis of CRE cells by down-regulating the expression of Ang2， inhibiting tumor neovascularization， and maintaining the cell homeostasis.

Effect of Xianlian Jiedu Prescription on Proliferation and Glycolysis of Human Colorectal Cancer HCT-116 Cells and Mechanism / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of Xianlian Jiedu prescription （XLJDP） on the proliferation and glycolysis of human colorectal cancer HCT-116 cells and the underlying mechanism. MethodHCT-116 cells were cultured with XLJDP and then the survival rate was examined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium （MTT） assay. The effect on the HCT116 cell proliferation was detected by colony formation assay and 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine （EDU） incorporation assay. The amount of glucose consumed by HCT-116 cells was measured by glucose test kit， and the amount of produced lactic acid was determined by lactic acid test kit 48 h after the treatment with XLJDP. The expression of glycolysis-related proteins mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR）， phosphorylated mTOR （p-mTOR）， glucose transporter 1 （GLUT1）， and lactate dehydrogenase （LDHA） was detected by Western blot. ResultThe half-maximal inhibitory concentration （IC50） of XLJDP against HCT-116 cells was 6.82 g·L-1. Compared with the blank group， XLJDP （1.625， 3.25， 6.50 g·L-1） inhibited the proliferation of HCT-116 cells （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Moreover， compared with the blank group， XLJDP （1.625， 3.25， 6.50 g·L-1） suppressed glucose uptake and lactic acid production in a dose-dependent manner （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The expression of p-mTOR/mTOR， LDHA， and GLUT1 was down-regulated by XLJDP （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionXLJDP can significantly inhibit the proliferation and the Warburg effect of glycolysis in colorectal cancer cells by regulating the mTOR signaling pathway and the down-regulating the expression of LDHA， GLUT1， and other key proteins and enzymes in glycolysis.

Association of diabetes with severity and mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective study

ABSTRACT Objective: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread worldwide. The aim this study was to investigate the association of diabetes with severity and mortality among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. Subjects and methods: This retrospective, single-center case study enrolled a total of 564 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 at the Seventh Hospital of Wuhan City, between January 20 and March 15, 2020. Results: Among the 564 patients with confirmed COVID-19, 509 (85.1%) were discharged and 55 (9.8%) died. The median age was 59 years (range, 10-93 years). A total of 85 (15.1%) patients were diagnosed with diabetes on admission (median age, 65.0 [range, 34-91] years). Patients with diabetes had significantly higher proportions of critical cases (24 [28.2%] vs. 66 [13.8%]) and in-hospital mortality (17 [20%] vs. 38 [7.9%]). Moreover, patients with diabetes presented abnormal levels of multiple indicators concerning lymphopenia, inflammation, heart, liver, kidney, and lung function on admission, while diabetic patient group still display higher troponin T (TnT) levels when approaching discharge. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve indicated a trend toward poorer survival in diabetic patients compared to non-diabetic patients, also evidenced by abnormal laboratory biomarker changes regarding multiple system impairments among COVID-19 patients with diabetes with in-hospital death. Conclusion: The detailed clinical investigation of 564 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 indicated a considerable association between diabetes and COVID-19 severity or mortality. Thus, more intensive treatment may be considered for COVID-19 patients with diabetes, especially regarding to cardiac injury.

Application of trauma time axis management in the treatment of severe trauma patients / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

PURPOSE@#This study aimed at exploring the application of trauma time axis management in the treatment of severe trauma patients by using the Medicalsystem trauma system.@*METHODS@#We performed a retrospective cohort study involving patients with severe trauma. Patients who were admitted before the application of the Medicalsystem trauma system were divided into before system group; patients who were admitted after the application of the system were divided into after system group. Comparison was made between the two groups. For normally distributed data, means were reported along with standard deviation, and comparisons were made using the independent samples t test. Categorical data were compared using the Chi-square test. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare nonparametric variables.@*RESULTS@#There were 528 patients admitted to the study during the study period. There was no significant statistical difference in the time from the start of trauma team to arrive at the resuscitation room between the two groups. The time from arrival at hospital to endotracheal intubation, to ventilator therapy, to blood transfusion, to completion of CT scan, to completion of closed thoracic drainage, to the start of operation, as well as the length of stay in resuscitation room and hospital were significantly lower after the application of the Medicalsystem trauma system. The mortality was decreased by 8.6% in the after system group compared with that in the before system group, but there was no statistical difference.@*CONCLUSION@#The Medicalsystem trauma system can optimize diagnosis and treatment process for trauma patients, and accordingly improve the treatment efficiency and shorten the treatment time. Therefore, the Medicalsystem trauma system deserves further popularization and promotion.

Progress and prospect of machine learning in research of acupuncture and moxibustion / 中国针灸

The application progress of machine learning in research of acupuncture and moxibustion was reviewed from three aspects: mining of acupuncture and moxibustion prescription and indications, acupuncture efficacy prediction and its influencing factors, acupoint specificity and acupuncture manipulation research, and the existing problems in current research and future research trends were discussed. It is believed that the appropriate machine learning algorithm should be selected to build the model according to the research purpose and data characteristics in the future research; attention should be paid to feature design, feature selection and feature cleaning; sample data collection should be a priority, and data sharing platform and standardized data collection should be developed to improve the data quality.

RNA editing analysis of ATP synthase genes in the cotton cytoplasmic male sterile line H276A

BACKGROUND: Pollen development is an energy-consuming process that particularly occurs during meiosis. Low levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) may cause cell death, resulting in CMS (cytoplasmic male sterility). DNA sequence differences in ATP synthase genes have been revealed between the N- and S-cytoplasms in the cotton CMS system. However, very few data are available at the RNA level. In this study, we compared five ATP synthase genes in the H276A, H276B and fertile F1 (H276A/H268) lines using RNA editing, RNA blotting and quantitative real time-PCR (qRT-PCR) to explore their contribution to CMS. A molecular marker for identifying male sterile cytoplasm (MSC) was also developed. RESULTS: RNA blotting revealed the absence of any novel orf for the ATP synthase gene sequence in the three lines. Forty-one RNA editing sites were identified in the coding sequences. RNA editing showed that proteins had 32.43% higher hydrophobicity and that 39.02% of RNA editing sites had proline converted to leucine. Two new stop codons were detected in atp6 and atp9 by RNA editing. Real-time qRT-PCR data showed that the atp1, atp6, atp8, and atp9 genes had substantially lower expression levels in H276A compared with those in H276B. By contrast, the expression levels of all five genes were increased in F1 (H276A/H268). Moreover, a molecular marker based on a 6-bp deletion upstream of atp8 in H276A was developed to identify male sterile cytoplasm (MSC) in cotton. CONCLUSIONS: Our data substantially contributes to the understanding of the function of ATP synthase genes in cotton CMS. Therefore, we suggest that ATP synthase genes might be an indirect cause of cotton CMS. Further research is needed to investigate the relationship among ATP synthase genes in cotton CMS.

Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate attenuates cardiac dysfunction and improves survival of rats with cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis / 中国天然药物

Cardiac dysfunction, a common consequence of sepsis, is the major contribution to morbidity and mortality in patients. Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS) is a water-soluble derivative of Tanshinone IIA (TA), a main active component of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, which has been widely used in China for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebral system diseases. In the present study, the effect of STS on sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction was investigated and its effect on survival rate of rats with sepsis was also evaluated. STS treatment could significantly decrease the serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), cardiac troponin I (cTn-I), cardiac troponin T (cTn-T), and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) in cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced) septic rats and improve left ventricular function, particularly at 48 and 72 h after CLP. As the pathogenesis of septic myocardial dysfunction is attributable to dysregulated systemic inflammatory responses, several key cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1), were detected to reveal the possible mechanism of attenuation of septic myocardial dysfunction after being treated by STS. Our study showed that STS, especially at a high dose (15 mg·kg), could efficiently suppress inflammatory responses in myocardium and reduce myocardial necrosis through markedly reducing production of myocardial TNF-α, IL-6 and HMGB1. STS significantly improved the 18-day survival rate of rats with sepsis from 0% to 30% (P < 0.05). Therefore, STS could suppress inflammatory responses and improve left ventricular function in rats with sepsis, suggesting that it may be developed for the treatment of sepsis.

Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate attenuates cardiac dysfunction and improves survival of rats with cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis / 中国天然药物

Cardiac dysfunction, a common consequence of sepsis, is the major contribution to morbidity and mortality in patients. Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS) is a water-soluble derivative of Tanshinone IIA (TA), a main active component of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, which has been widely used in China for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebral system diseases. In the present study, the effect of STS on sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction was investigated and its effect on survival rate of rats with sepsis was also evaluated. STS treatment could significantly decrease the serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), cardiac troponin I (cTn-I), cardiac troponin T (cTn-T), and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) in cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced) septic rats and improve left ventricular function, particularly at 48 and 72 h after CLP. As the pathogenesis of septic myocardial dysfunction is attributable to dysregulated systemic inflammatory responses, several key cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1), were detected to reveal the possible mechanism of attenuation of septic myocardial dysfunction after being treated by STS. Our study showed that STS, especially at a high dose (15 mg·kg), could efficiently suppress inflammatory responses in myocardium and reduce myocardial necrosis through markedly reducing production of myocardial TNF-α, IL-6 and HMGB1. STS significantly improved the 18-day survival rate of rats with sepsis from 0% to 30% (P < 0.05). Therefore, STS could suppress inflammatory responses and improve left ventricular function in rats with sepsis, suggesting that it may be developed for the treatment of sepsis.

Clinical analysis of adult spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To discuss the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of adult spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea (CSFR).@*METHODS@#A retrospective study was conducted on 18 patients of CSFR. Nasal secretion was collected for biochemical analysis. Imaging examination was done for identification of the bony defect in skull base.@*RESULTS@#In all cases, the glucose concentration of nasal secretion were more than 1.7 mmol/L, and the β-2 transferrin detected by immunoelectrophoresis technique were positive. Twelve cases were found to have bony defect in skull base. For the rest 6 cases without bony defect, MRI findings of 6 cases showed sinusoidal effusion with similar signals to cerebrospinal fluid, thus predicting the location of the leak. Conservative treatment was successful in one case, and the other 17 patients underwent endoscopic sinus surgery with computer assisted navigation system (CANS). The results of all cases underwent surgery were successful by one time. No recurrence occured during the follow-up time (11 to 24 months).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The incidence of adult CSFR is low, hence it is easily to be missed and misdiagnosed. The majority of CSFR patients are middle-aged and elderly obese women, often combined with hypertension, diabetes, moderate and severe osteoporosis due to no daily exercise habits. Correct medical history collection, reasonable preoperative examination and accurate preoperative localization of bony defect are essential for surgical repairment. CANS used during operation can enable surgeons to locate the site of leakage accurately and shorten the operation time.

The Incidence and Prevalence of Thromboangiitis Obliterans in Taiwan: A Nationwide, Population-based Analysis of Data Collected from 2002 to 2011

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the incidence and prevalence of thromboangiitis obliterans in Taiwan in the period spanning from 2002 to 2011. METHODS: We identified all incident and prevalent cases with a diagnosis of thromboangiitis obliterans (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision code 443.1) in the period spanning from 2002 to 2011 using Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database. We calculated the age- and sex-specific incidence and prevalence rates of thromboangiitis obliterans during the study period. RESULTS: From 2002 to 2011, 158 patients were diagnosed with thromboangiitis obliterans; of these, 76% were men. Most (63%) of the patients were <50 years old when they were first diagnosed. After reaching 20 years of age, the incidence rate increased with age and peaked among those aged ≥60 years. The average incidence rate of thromboangiitis obliterans during the 2002–2011 period was 0.068 per 105 years. The incidence of thromboangiitis obliterans decreased with time, from 0.10 per 105 years in 2002 to 0.04 per 105 years in 2011. The prevalence increased from 0.26 × 10−5 in 2002 to 0.65 × 10−5 in 2011. CONCLUSION: This is the first epidemiologic study of thromboangiitis obliterans using claims data from a general population in Taiwan. This nationwide, population-based study found that the incidence and prevalence of thromboangiitis obliterans in Taiwan in the 2002–2011 period were lower than those in other countries before 2000. This study also revealed a trend of decreasing incidence with simultaneous increasing prevalence of thromboangiitis obliterans in Taiwan from 2002 to 2011.

Effects of Yishen Tonglong Capsules on sex hormone levels in mice with benign prostatic hyperplasia / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>Objective</b>To study the effect of Yishen Tonglong Capsules (YTC) on the sex hormone levels in the mouse model of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The BPH model was made in male mice by subcutaneous injection of testosterone propionate at 5 mg per kg of the body weight per day for 3 weeks. Then the model animals were divided into five groups of 10 in each: model control, Longbishu Capsules (LBS), and high-, medium- and low-dose YTC. Another 10 mice were included as normal controls. The mice in the LBS group were treated intragastrically with LBS at 0.45 g per kg of the body weight, those in the high-, medium- and low-dose YTC groups with YTC at 1.2, 0.6 and 0.3 g per kg of the body weight, and those in the model and normal control groups given the same volume of distilled water. After 8 weeks of treatment, the mice were sacrificed and their prostates taken for measurement of their wet weight, calculation of the prostatic index (PI), determination of the levels of serum testosterone (T), estradiol (E2) and E2/T ratio, and observation of the morphological changes of the prostate tissue under the light microscope.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The wet weight of the prostate and PI were significantly decreased in the LBS and medium- and high-dose YTC groups as compared with the model control group (P<0.01). The serum T and E2 levels and E2/T ratio were (1.73±0.02) ng/ml, (73.08±1.03) pg/ml and 42.30±0.53 in the normal control, (3.86±0.02) ng/ml, (145.79±0.88) pg/ml and 37.76±0.25 in the model control, (2.47±0.02) ng/ml, (95.87±0.47) pg/ml and 38.80±0.13 in the LBS, (2.91±0.03) ng/ml, (112.68±0.77) pg/ml and 38.80±0.42 in the low-dose YTC, (2.77±0.02) ng/ml, (112.16±0.82) pg/ml and 40.56±0.29 in the medium-dose YTC, and (2.75±0.03) ng/ml, (107.11±0.61) pg/ml and 38.92±0.36 in the high-dose YTC group, all with statistically significant differences between the model control and the other groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Yishen Tonglong Capsules significantly reduced the levels of serum T and E2 and elevated the E2/T ratio in the mouse model of BPH, which manifested the action mechanism of Yishen Tonglong Capsules in the treatment of BPH.</p>

Tumors with poroid features: a clinicopathologic analysis of 45 cases / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinicopathological features and the differential diagnosis of poroma and porocarcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Histopathological characteristics and clinical data of 35 cases of poroma and 10 cases of porocarcinoma were analyzed retrospectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The average age of 35 patients of poroma was 48 years. The average age of 10 patients of porocarcinoma was 65 years. Both poroma and porocarcinoma occured most frequently on the scalp and face,as well as the extremities. Histologically, cases of poroma were divided into three subtypes, including classic poroma (23 cases), hidroacanthoma simplex (3 cases) and dermal duct tumor (9 cases). Residual foci of benign poroma were found in all cases of porocarcinoma, most of which were classic poroma. The malignant components showed severe dysplasia and/or stromal infiltration.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The diagnosis of poroma and porocarcinoma is mainly based on the microscopic characteristics. An invasive architectural pattern and/or significant cytologic pleomorphism are the most important clues for the diagnosis of porocarcinoma. Neither focal mitotic activity nor the presence of necrosis was the diagnostic feature of porocarcinoma. Malignant transformation can occur in some cases of long existing poroma with recent, rapid tumor enlargement.</p>

Protective effects of different extracts of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. against thioacetamide-induced hepatotoxicity in mice.

A comparison of analysis in evaluating the hepatoprotective action of fractional ethanolic (F0), ethyl acetic (F1), n-butanol (F2) and aqueous (F3) extracts of E. ulmoides Oliv. (EUO) against thioacetamide (TAA) induced hepatic damage was studied in mice. The extract (453 mg/kg-F0, 104 mg/kg-F1, 95 mg/kg-F2 and 237 mg/kg-F3 body weight, po, once daily for 15 days) restored serum marker enzymes levels to normal in TAA treated mice. The biochemical biomarkers viz., total protein, albumin and total bilirubin were also restored forward normal level expression pattern of liver protein profile of mice by using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis showed 144 spots in TAA administered group which were significantly reduced in EUO extracts treated group. Among the four extracts ethyl acetate (F1) and n-butanol (F2) extracts showed more significant liver protection. TAA induced injury can be correlated with its high phenolic content in these extracts which may have hepatoprotective effects in regulating liver proteins by scavenging free radicals.

Expression of multiple tumor suppressor gene p16 and its relationship with prognosis of gastric cancer patients / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship between p16 expression and cell proliferation and prognosis in gastric cancer patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Gastric cancer cell lines SGC-7901, MKN45, MKN28, human embryonic kidney cell line HEK293, human fibroblast cell line MRC-5, and surgical specimens of gastric carcinoma and adjacent normal gastric mucosa from 65 patients were included in this study. RT-PCR, MTT and FCM assays were used to detect p16 expression in gastric cancer cell lines and surgical specimens of gastric cancer. MTT assay was used to determine cancer cell viability and FCM to detect cell cycle. Kaplan-Meier survival curve and Log-Rank statistics were used to analyze the relationship between p16 expression and survival of petients with gastric cancer.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Gastric cancer cell lines were mostly negative for p16 expression, and p16 was re-expressed after the cells transfected with p16 gene by adenovirus AdCMV-p16. p16 re-expression resulted in the decrease of cancer cell viability and cancer cell cycle arrest with increased G(1) phase and decreased S phase. p16 expression in cancer specimens was 32.3% (21/65), significantly lower than the 81.5% (53/65) in normal mucosa (χ(2) = 32.124, P < 0.001). The disease-free survival was significantly shorter in p16-negative patients than that in p16-positive patients (P < 0.01), but not the overall survival (P > 0.05). p16 expression was significantly correlated with differentiation and lymph node metastasis, but not significantly correlated with sex, age, tumor size or invasion depth of the gastric cancer.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>p16 gene is important for cancer cell proliferation. The inactivation gives cancer cells a high activity for proliferation and metastasis, and then influences the disease-free survival of gastric cancer patients.</p>

Humanized monoclonal antibody TNT-3-mediated truncated tissue factor for the treatment of H22 hepatoma-bearing mice / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the inhibitory effects of humanized monoclonal antibody-3 (huTNT-3) mediated truncated tissue factor (tTF) on the H(22) hepatoma-bearing mice, and to explore its mechanisms.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The coagulation activity of the huTNT-3/tTF fusion protein was detected by clotting assay and clotting factor X (FX) activation test in vitro. Mouse hepatoma cell line H(22) cells were inoculated subcutaneously into mice to establish the mouse models of hepatoma. The mice were randomly divided into two groups to be injected once with huTNT-3/tTF fusion protein or tTF protein labeled with rhodamine B isothiocyanate (RBITC), respectively. The localization of huTNT-3/tTF fusion protein in the mouse hepatoma tissue was analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy 24 hour after the injection. Fifteen mice were randomly divided into three groups to be injected with the huTNT-3/tTF fusion protein, tTF protein or phosphate buffered saline (PBS) once, respectively. The tumor size was measured every two days to calculate the tumor volume. Ten days after the injection the mice were sacrificed. Samples of the tumor, heart, livers, spleen, lung, kidney and brains of the mice were taken for histopathological examination.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Both the huTNT-3/tTF fusion protein and tTF protein effectively promoted blood coagulation. Under the conditions of Ca(2+), the coagulation time in the 1.5, 3, 6 µmol/L huTNT-3/tTF groups was (12.90 ± 0.60) min, (10.39 ± 0.40) min and(8.15 ± 0.24) min, respectively, and the coagulation time of the 1.5, 3, 6 µmol/L tTF groups was (14.23 ± 0.46) min, (12.10 ± 0.49) min and (9.83 ± 0.52) min, respectively, the difference between the two groups was not significant (F = 0.145, P = 0.705). The huTNT-3/tTF fusion protein was similar to the tTF protein in the ability of activating FX (t = 0.101, P > 0.05). The confocal laser scanning microscopic analysis showed that RBITC-fluorescence labeled huTNT-3/tTF fusion protein was enriched in the hepatoma tissue. The tumor volume of the huTNT-3/tTF fusion protein group was significantly lower than that of the tTF and PBS groups (both P < 0.001), however, there was not significant difference between the tTF and PBS groups (t = -0.616, P > 0.05). The survival time of the huTNT-3/tTF group was (25.5 ± 2.5) d, significantly longer than that of the PBS group (17.3 ± 1.9) d and the tTF group (18.6 ± 1.9) d, (both P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The huTNT-3/tTF fusion protein retains the coagulation ability and has the capability of targeting to tumor vasculature, and induces thrombosis in the tumor vessels, thus to suppress the growth of hepatoma in the mice.</p>

Role of endotoxin translocation on mesenteric lymph reperfusion aggravating multiple organ injury in SMAO shock rats / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the role of mesenteric lymph reperfusion (MLR) aggravates multiple organs injury in superior mesenteric artery occlusion (SMAO) shock and its mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty four Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 6): Sham group (only anesthetized and operated), MLR group rats performed 1 h occlusion of mesenteric lymph duct (MLD), then followed by 2 h of reperfusion, SMAO group (rats performed 1 h occlusion of superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and then followed by 2 h of reperfusion), SMAO + MLR group (rats performed 1 h occlusion of SMA and MLD and then followed by 2 h of reperfusion). The blood sample was taken out from abdominal aortic for plasma and the liver, kidney, myocardium, lung tissues in fixed position were prepared for making homogenate after reperfusion of 2 h respectively. And the levels of endotoxin (ET) in plasma and homogenates were determined with kinetic turbidimetric technique of tachypleus amebocyte lysate, the contents of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), lipopolysaccharide receptor (CD14) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in homogenates were determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The indices have no statistics difference between sham group and MLR group. The ET levels of the plasma and hepatic, renal, myocardial, pulmonary homogenates in SMAO and SMAO + MLR groups were significant higher than that of sham and MLR groups, and these indices in SMAO + MLR were increased significantly than those in SMAO group. The CD14, LBP and TNF-alpha contents of the hepatic, renal, myocardial and pulmonary homogenates in SMAO and SMAO + MLR groups were significant higher than those in sham and MLR groups, and these indices in SMAO+ MLR were higher than SMAO group significantly.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The mechanism of MLR aggravates multiple organs injury in SMAO shock may be associated with enterogenous ET through intestinal lymphatic pathway to translocate, activate the LBP/CD14 as endotoxin sensitizing system and promote inflammatory response.</p>

Significance of preoperative screening of deep vein thrombosis on the prevention from pulmonary embolism / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To Explore the significance of preoperative screening of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) on the prevention from pulmonary embolism (PE) with color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) in patients of lower limb fractures.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 2 000 patients with lower limb fractures were retrospectively analyzed from January to September in 2010. All the patients were scheduled to be operated. There were 1 140 males and 860 females, ranging in age from 18 to 94 years, with a mean of (54.78 +/- 21.45) years. Swollen limbs could be observed in all patients when admitted and traditional Chinese medicine therapies were given by both internal and external administrations. Selective internal or external fixations were scheduled 3 to 14 days after injured and the swell relieved. CDFI screenings for DVT were applied to all the patients one day before operations and clinical data, such as gender, age, fracture site and course of diseases, were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of all the 2 000 patients, 128 patients had lower limbs DVTs (6.4%). Among all the DVT patients, 52 patients had DVT within vena iliacas or femoral veins,20 patients had DVT within popliteal veins or vena crualis, 56 patients had DVT within small muscular veins of legs. Thrombolytic therapies or inferior vena cava filters were taken to 72 patients with DVTs proximal to vena cruralises and thrombi disappeared in 20 cases. Inferior vena cava filters were placed in 17 patients. There were 28 patients with either failed thrombolytic or no filters placement. All above 65 patients were treated with fracture reduction, and other 7 patients were treated with conservative methods. Of all the operated patients, one patient had PE during operation and recovered after immediately rescue. Among 56 patients with DVT within small muscular veins of legs, 51 patients were treated with reduction without other special treatment, and other 5 patients were treated with conservative methods. There was no relationship between DVT occurrence and gender. The youngest sufferer was 22 years old. DVT occurrences of patients over 41 years old were significantly higher than that of patients under 40 years old. Higher occurrences were also observed in patients with multiple fractures, fracture of femurs compared with those with tibia or fibula fractures. DVT was found as early as 3 days after injury in one case. The longer the time from injuries to operations, the higher the occurrences of DVTs.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Routine CDFI screenings should be applied to traumatic fractured patients before operations no matter whether there are DVTs existing or not. That is very important for the prevention of fatal PE during both anesthesias and operations.</p>

Surgical Treatment for 11 Cases of Penile Verrucous Carcinoma

Penile verrucous carcinoma is a rare, well-differentiated and low-grade tumor. The surgeons are deficiently aware about the biological behavior and the clinicopathological characteristic of this disease, which raises difficulties during the treatment. In our present study, the clinical and pathological data of 11 patients with penile verrucous carcinoma, aged between 49 to 85 years was retrospectively analyzed. The tumors exhibited exophytic, papillary, caulifower-like or verrucose lesions of great dimensions measuring between 2 to 10 cm on the penises. The tumors were located at glans in 6 cases, invaded the coronoid sulcus in 4 cases and invaded the shaft of the penis in 1 case. Eight cases underwent partial penectomy, while the other 3 were treated with local excision. The diagnosis of penile verrucous carcinoma was confirmed by histopathologic examination of the specimens with the negative surgical margins in all the cases. Within the period of 12 to 60 months of follow-up, all the patients were disease-free with no case of recurrence and metastasis. The novel knowledge and experience of the treatment of penile verrucous carcinoma will be a useful clinical guide for surgeons in the future.